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Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes.  IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic), also known as FGF-2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. FGF-basic also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of FGF-basic is a critical component for human embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Eotaxin, also known as Eotaxin-1 and CCL11, is a chemokine that recruits eosinophils to sites of allergic inflammation. Eotaxin signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 17E (IL-17E), also known as IL-25, is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17E binds to the IL-17RB receptor to stimulate the secretion of the proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) chemokine and to induce the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB).

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokine family and is produced by B cells and monocytes. IL-19 binds the interleukin 20 receptor complex (IL-20R) to activate STAT3 signaling. IL-19 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) expression in monocytes, and promotes T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated immune responses. IL-19 production is up-regulated in resting monocytes following granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) is a growth factor that is important during embryonic development, especially during lung, limb, brain, heart, and kidney morphogenesis.FGF-10 is expressed in mesenchymal cells and facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal signaling through binding the epithelially expressed FGF receptor 2b (FGFR2b). FGF-10 also functions as a mitogen for keratinising epidermal cells, and induces the migration and invasion of cancer cells.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 17AF (IL-17AF) is a heterodimer that is composed of the interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and interleukin 17F (IL-17F) members of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17AF is produced by T helper 17 cells (Th17) following interleukin 23 (IL-23) stimulation. IL-17AF signals through the IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor complex and functions to regulate inflammatory responses. IL-17AF induces chemokine and airway neutrophilia production, similar in function to IL-17A and IL-17F homodimers. In regard to these functions, IL-17AF is less active than the IL-17A homodimer and shows greater activity than the IL-17F homodimer. Human and rat IL-17AF are active on mouse cells. 

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signaling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3).

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing conserved C-terminus cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-ɣ (FIZZ4). Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans, whereas all four RELM family members are present in rodents. RELM-β functions to increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, resulting in airway remodelling and increased inflammation.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is an important regulator of B and T cell development. IL-7 is secreted by bone marrow and thymic stromal cells, dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and keratinocytes. IL-7 signals through the interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) to promote the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. IL-7 is also a regulator of intestinal mucosal lymphocyte proliferation. Human and mouse IL-7 show species cross-reactivity.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory lymphokine that functions during cell-mediated immmunity. MIF promotes fibroblast migration by inducing interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In interferon-gamma-activated macrophages, MIF stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and functions as a chemoattractant for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells.  Additionally, IL-16 upregulates the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25), modulates T lymphocyte growth, and suppresses the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV).

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and T cells. GM-CSF stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells. GM-CSF promotes immune system development and regulates neutrophil function during infection.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an endocrine hormone that regulates energy homeostasis and exerts cardioprotective functions during heart injury. FGF-21 is expressed in the liver, pancreas, heart, and adipose tissues. FGF-21 signaling is activated through the FGFR1c receptor and β-Klotho co-receptor. FGF-21 is an important regulator of glucose uptake and reduces cell apoptosis under stress conditions.

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Amphiregulin (AR) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family.